Dental caries, commonly known as tooth decay or cavities, is a bacterial infection that causes damage to the structure of the teeth. It is one of the most common oral health problems worldwide. Caries occur when certain types of bacteria in the mouth produce acids that attack the tooth enamel, leading to demineralization and the formation of small holes in the teeth. If left untreated, dental caries can progress and result in tooth pain, infection, and potential tooth loss. Good oral hygiene practices such as brushing and flossing regularly, along with regular dental check-ups, are important for preventing and managing dental caries.